Assigned Protection Factors for Respirators, Annual Limits on Intake (ALIs) and Derived Air Concentrations (DACs) of Radionuclides for Occupational Exposure; Effluent Concentrations; Concentrations for Release to Sewerage, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regional Offices, Requirements for Transfers of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Intended for Disposal at Licensed Land Disposal Facilities and Manifests, PART 20 - STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION, http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals.html. Committed dose equivalent (HT,50) means the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference (T) that will be received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake. This web site is designed for the current versions of (a) When it is not practical to apply process or other engineering controls to control the concentrations of radioactive material in the air to values below those that define an airborne radioactivity area, the licensee shall, consistent with maintaining the total effective dose equivalent ALARA, increase monitoring and limit intakes by one or more of the following means -, (3) Use of respiratory protection equipment; or. (iii) The potential radiological hazards of the radiation levels and residual radioactivity detected. 20.1203. 27, 2006; 72 FR 55922, Oct. 1, 2007; 75 FR 73938, Nov. 30, 2010]. Uranium fuel cycle does not include mining operations, operations at waste disposal sites, transportation of radioactive material in support of these operations, and the reuse of recovered non-uranium special nuclear and byproduct materials from the cycle. (3) The procedures to be followed to maintain the dose as low as is reasonably achievable. (2) That the individual is not available for planned special exposures. [56 FR 23404, May 21, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 20186, Apr. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Guidance for Occupational Exposure Under conditions that may lead to doses above normal occupational exposure limits, workers should be volunteers and should be instructed in dealing with radiation hazards to allow them to make informed decisions. (2) is the licensee to whom waste can be attributed within the context of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (e.g., waste generated as a result of decontamination or recycle activities). If there is an external deep dose equivalent contribution of Hd then this sum must be less than l(Hd/50) instead of being <1.0. Decommission means to remove a facility or site safely from service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits -, (1) Release of the property for unrestricted use and termination of the license; or. Minimization of fluoroscopy time has been proven to be one of the most effective ways of reducing radiation dose to the patient and staff during fluoroscopy. [63 FR 50128, Sept. 21, 1998, as amended at 67 FR 67099, Nov. 4, 2002; 71 FR 65707, Nov. 8, 2006; 72 FR 55922, Oct. 1, 2007; 77 FR 39905, July 6, 2012]. skin and thyroid cancers are more easily treated than leukemias or lung and breast cancers, which involve a larger degree of suffering and costs. Atmosphere supplying respirators [particulate, gases and vapors. (1) The assessment of dose equivalent by the use of devices designed to be worn by an individual; (2) The assessment of committed effective dose equivalent by bioassay (see Bioassay) or by determination of the time-weighted air concentrations to which an individual has been exposed, i.e., DAC-hours; or. The dose equivalent in sieverts is equal to the absorbed dose in grays multiplied by the quality factor (1 Sv = 100 rems). (3) Instructed in the measures to be taken to keep the dose ALARA considering other risks that may be present. is available with paragraph structure matching the official CFR 1233 at 1237, 42 U.S.C. (ALI values for intake by ingestion and by inhalation of selected radionuclides are given in table 1, columns 1 and 2, of appendix B to 20.1001-20.2401). 4. (d) If a license condition or technical specification exempted a licensee from a requirement in the standards for protection against radiation in effect prior to January 1, 1994,1 it continues to exempt a licensee from the corresponding provision of 20.1001-20.2402. 2. [56 FR 23403, May 21, 1991, as amended at 66 FR 55789, Nov. 2, 2001; 72 FR 55922, Oct. 1, 2007]. Skin doses in vascular interventional radiology can vary over a wide range, from a few mGy to several tens of Gy, with radiation-induced skin injuries occuring when a generally accepted threshold dose of 2000 mGy is reached. (3) A regulation or order issued pursuant to those Acts. Bioassay (radiobioassay) means the determination of kinds, quantities or concentrations, and, in some cases, the locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement (in vivo counting) or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed from the human body. (4) Individuals entering a high or very high radiation area. (b) Intake by inhalation. The application must include evidence that the material and performance characteristics of the equipment are capable of providing the proposed degree of protection under anticipated conditions of use. The non-stochastic ALIs were derived to avoid non-stochastic effects, such as prompt damage to tissue or reduction in organ function. (a) Containers holding licensed material in quantities less than the quantities listed in appendix C to part 20; or, (b) Containers holding licensed material in concentrations less than those specified in table 3 of appendix B to part 20; or, (c) Containers attended by an individual who takes the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of individuals in excess of the limits established by this part; or, (d) Containers when they are in transport and packaged and labeled in accordance with the regulations of the Department of Transportation,[3] or, (e) Containers that are accessible only to individuals authorized to handle or use them, or to work in the vicinity of the containers, if the contents are identified to these individuals by a readily available written record (examples of containers of this type are containers in locations such as water-filled canals, storage vaults, or hot cells). 20.1705 Application for use of higher assigned protection factors. (3) Submit a sufficient LTP or decommissioning plan before August 20, 1998 and such LTP or decommissioning plan is approved by the Commission before August 20, 1999 and in accordance with the criteria identified in the SDMP Action Plan, except that if an EIS is required in the submittal, there will be a provision for day-for-day extension. [1] See 20.1-20.602 codified as of January 1, 1993. However, intakes that include both the parent and daughter radionuclides should be treated by the general method appropriate for mixtures. Fractionated doses are often used in radiation therapy. 25, 1995; 63 FR 39482, July 23, 1998; 67 FR 16304, Apr. 98 (1989). (b) Each licensee shall, prior to removal or disposal of empty uncontaminated containers to unrestricted areas, remove or deface the radioactive material label or otherwise clearly indicate that the container no longer contains radioactive materials. (1) Monitor the external surfaces of a labeled[3a] package for radioactive contamination unless the package contains only radioactive material in the form of a gas or in special form as defined in 10 CFR 71.4; (2) Monitor the external surfaces of a labeled3a package for radiation levels unless the package contains quantities of radioactive material that are less than or equal to the Type A quantity, as defined in 71.4 and appendix A to part 71 of this chapter; and. This equipment may be used in an acceptable respiratory protection program as long as all the other minimum program requirements, with the exception of fit testing, are met (i.e., 20.1703). If the licensee assigns or permits the use of respiratory protection equipment to limit the intake of radioactive material. (3) Reduces doses to ALARA levels, taking into consideration any detriments such as traffic accidents expected to potentially result from decontamination and waste disposal. Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest or uniform manifest means the combination of NRC Forms 540, 541, and, if necessary, 542, and their respective continuation sheets as needed, or equivalent. Member of the public means any individual except when that individual is receiving an occupational dose. (3) The sum of the calculated committed effective dose equivalents to all significantly irradiated[1] organs or tissues (T) calculated from bioassay data using appropriate biological models and expressed as a fraction of the annual limit. Table 1004(b).2 - Mean Quality Factors, Q, and Fluence per Unit Dose Equivalent for Monoenergetic Neutrons. [56 FR 23465, May 21, 1991; 56 FR 61352, Dec. 3, 1991. 2014, 2073, 2093, 2095, 2111, 2133, 2134, 2201, 2210h, 2232, 2236, 2273, 2282, 2021, 2297f); Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, secs. The regulations in this part apply to persons licensed by the Commission to receive, possess, use, transfer, or dispose of byproduct, source, or special nuclear material or to operate a production or utilization facility under parts 30 through 36, 39, 40, 50, 52, 60, 61, 63, 70, or 72 of this chapter, and in accordance with 10 CFR 76.60 to persons required to obtain a certificate of compliance or an approved compliance plan under part 76 of this chapter. If you would like to comment on the current content, please use the 'Content Feedback' button below for instructions on contacting the issuing agency. Detailed guidance on making electronic submissions can be obtained by visiting the NRC's Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals.html; by e-mail to MSHD.Resource@nrc.gov; or by writing the Office of the Chief Information Officer, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001. Reference man means a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus. Include NRC Form 540 (and NRC Form 540A, if required) with the shipment regardless of the option chosen in paragraph C.6 of this section; 8. 20.2207 Reports of transactions involving nationally tracked sources. (c) When the external exposure is determined by measurement with an external personal monitoring device, the deep-dose equivalent must be used in place of the effective dose equivalent, unless the effective dose equivalent is determined by a dosimetry method approved by the NRC. A physical and chemical description of the waste; 7. (b) Each licensee shall monitor (see 20.1204) the occupational intake of radioactive material by and assess the committed effective dose equivalent to -. (a) The licensee shall ensure that each container of licensed material bears a durable, clearly visible label bearing the radiation symbol and the words CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL or DANGER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL. The label must also provide sufficient information (such as the radionuclide(s) present, an estimate of the quantity of radioactivity, the date for which the activity is estimated, radiation levels, kinds of materials, and mass enrichment) to permit individuals handling or using the containers, or working in the vicinity of the containers, to take precautions to avoid or minimize exposures. However, all quantities must be recorded as stated in paragraph (a) of this section. al. (b) Exception to color requirements for standard radiation symbol. The dose (amount) of radiation; How you were exposed, such as through skin contact, swallowing or breathing it in, or having rays pass through your body . 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